Highest per capita incarceration rate, and also the highest number of individuals incarcerated anywhere on the planet. Americans are approximately 5% of the world's population, but Americans make up about 25% of the world's incarcerated population. As of 2019, China (running second in sheer numbers) has over a billion more citizens than the USA, but we have about 2.1 million Americans incarcerated compared to China's 1.6 million. Brazil comes in third with about 700K citizens incarcerated. Followed by that bastion of freedom, Russia, with about 550K incarcerated citizens. India (with its population of about 1.35 billion) rounds out the top 5 with just over 430K incarcerated citizens.